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| Audit of Freight Bills:
The process of verifying if the transportation charges shown on the
carrier’s freight bill are reasonable. Back Haul: A) To haul a shipment back over a part of a route traveled; B) Traffic moving in direction of light flow when a carrier’s traffic on a route is heavier in one direction that the other. Bill of Lading: Written transportation contract between shipper and carrier (or their agents). It identifies the freight, who is to receive it, and the place of delivery. In addition it gives terms of the agreement. Brokerage License: Authority granted by the Federal Highway Commission to persons engaged in the business of arranging for motor vehicle transportation of persons or property in interstate commerce. Carriers Lien: Carriers claim on property it has transported as security for charges. Cartage (local): Hauling between locations in the same town or city or contiguous municipalities. Claim: A) A demand made upon a transportation line for payment on account of loss or damage alleged to have occurred while shipment was in possession of carrier; B) a demand upon a transportation company for refund of an over charge. Freight Bill: Document for a carrier shipment giving a description of the freight, its weight, amount of charges, the rate of charges, taxes, and whether it is collect or prepaid. If the charges are paid in advance or are to be collected at the origin, it is called a prepaid freight bill. If the charges are to be collected at the destination, it is called a destination or collect freight bill. Freight Charges: Payment due for freight transportation. Freight Forwarder: An individual or company that accepts less-than-truckload (LTL) or less-than-container load (LCL) shipments from shippers and combines them into container load and truckload lots. Gross Weight: A) The weight of an article together with the weight of its container and the material used in packing; B) As applied to a truck, the weight of a truck together with the weight of its entire contents. Flat Bed: A semi-trailer with no sides. Free-Astray: A shipment miscarried or unloaded at the wrong terminal is billed and forwarded to the corrected terminal free of charge because it is astray. Hence the term “Free Astray”. Freight on Board (FOB): Usually indicates place where responsibility for expenses and risk for goods is passed from seller to buyer. For example, FOB motor carrier would usually mean that a price quoted for goods would include loading on a truck at the seller’s building. This term is not always used precisely and it’s best to qualify it to show exactly what is meant. Dispatching: The scheduling and control of intercity traffic and intracity pickup and delivery. Drayage: The charge made for hauling freight on carts, drays or trucks. This term is typically associated with trade shows and intermodal shipments. Consignment: A shipment Consignor: The person or firm by whom articles are shipped. Contract Carrier: A company engaging in for-hire transportation of property under individual contract or agreement with one or a number of shippers. Cubic Foot: A common measure of the capacity of a truck. 1,728 cubic inches. Commodity: Any article of commerce, goods shipped. Common Carrier: A company holding itself out to the general public to provide motor vehicle transportation for compensation over regular or irregular routes, or both. Concealed Damage: Damage to the contents of a package which appears in good condition externally. Concealed Loss: Loss or damage that cannot be determined until the package is opened. Consignee: The person or firm to whom articles are shipped. Independent Contractor: The person who owns and operates a truck, leasing himself and/ or his rig for hauling products interstate. Same as owner-operator. Intermodal Transportation: Transportation movement involving more than one mode, e.g. rail-motor, motor air, or rail-water. Interstate: Shipments between states. Intrastate: Shipments within a state. Known Damage: Damage discovered before or at the time of delivery of a shipment. Less-Than-Truckload: (LTL) A quantity of freight less than required for the application of a truckload rate. Usually less than 7,500 pounds. Liabilities: Future economics sacrifices as a result of present obligations to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future. The obligations arise from past transactions or events. Lift Tail Gate: A power-operated tail gate capable of lifting a load from street level to the level of the truck or trailer floor. Line Haul: Movement of freight between cities and terminals. Line haul does not include pickup and delivery service. Local Cartage Carrier: A company that transports property entirely within the commercial zone of a municipality (or contiguous cities). This may be pickup and delivery service for a line haul carrier. Logistics: Process of systematizing information to facilitate the efficient and cost-effective flows of goods and services to produce customer satisfaction. The Council of Logistics Management defines logistics management as: “The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods, and related information from point-of-origin to point-of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements”. LTL: See Less than Truckload Manifest: A document describing a shipment or the contents thereof a vehicle of ship. Maximum Gross Combination Weight: The most weight allowed by law for a tractor and loaded trailer combined. Minimum Rate: The lowest rate charged for a shipment. Pallet: A portable platform for holding material for storage or transportation. Palletized: Product stacked on pallets. Point of Origin: The terminal at which a shipment is received by a transportation line from the shipper. Prepaid: A term denoting that transportation charges have been or are to be paid at shipping point or by a third party Proof of Delivery: Carrier established proof of delivery from delivery receipt copy of freight bill signed by consignee at time of delivery. This is legal proof of delivery. Pro-Rate: To divide or distribute proportionally, such as license fee based on proportion of miles traveled in each state. Rate: The charge for transporting freight. Rated Freight Bill: A freight bill showing quantities, price per unit, and total price. Shortage: When quantity actually received is less that that shown on the waybill. Skid: A wooden platform on which heavy articles or packaged goods are placed to permit handling equipment. Standard Rate: A rate established for direct routes from one point to another. Rates via other routes between the same points are set in relation to the standard rate. Straight Truck: A truck with the body and engine mounted on the same chassis, as contrasted to a combination unit such as a tractor-semi-trailer. Surcharge: An additional charge above the usual or customary charge. Tariff: A published schedule showing the rates, fares, charges, classification, rules, regulations, etc., applying to transportation and incidental services. Terminal: A facility including building structures, and equipment for the storage transfer, handling, delivery and reception of vehicles and materials. Tractor: A cab, the engine-powered vehicle used to pull the trailer. Trailer: That part of the vehicle used to haul goods and hooked up to an engine-powered tractor. Truckload: A) Quantity of freight that will fill a truck; B) Quantity of freight weighing the maximum legal amount for a particular type of truck; C) When used in connection with freight rates, the quantity of freight necessary to qualify a shipment for a truckload rate. Twin Trailer: A short semi-trailer (under 29’) designed to be operated as part of a combination vehicle with a tandem trailer of similar length. Unclaimed Freight: Freight which has not been claimed by the consignee or owner, or freight that cannot be delivered. Volume Rate: A low rate offered to shippers who agree to ship a large quantity of freight. Warehouse Receipt: A receipt for goods placed in a warehouse (may be issued as a negotiable or nonnegotiable document). Way Bill: Description of goods sent with a common carrier freight shipment. |
Copyright 2005. LBMay & Associates. All Rights Reserved.